督抚

fáng kē zuò wéi qīng dài zhí guān tǐ xì wài de fēi zhèng shì jī gòu shì shí shang chéng wéi gè zhí shěng dū fǔ yá men nèi bù xíng zhèng zhí néng yùn zuò de jī běn zài tǐ

房科作为清代职官体系外的非正式机构，事实上成为各直省督抚衙门内部行政职能运作的基本载体。

"Fangke", as an informal institution independent of the bureaucracy of the Qing period, had actually become the basic carrier of interior administrative function of each Governor-General Yamun in each province.