倡议bring forward/make a proposal; first proposal
冲击come under fire; pound against
冲动strong emotional impulse defying sensible reasoning; impulse
出身background; one's previous experience or occupation
层出不穷emerge in an endless stream
层次rank; subordinate administrative levels
岔forked; turn off the main road
成员members of a group or a family
承诺promise to undertake; a promise to do something
搀support somebody with one's hand; mix
操纵operate/control/steel; manipulate
朝代dynasty; a certain historical period
橙orange tree; fruit of the orange tree
测量measure; operation of surveying the form, extent and surface features, etc. of an area of land